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  2 (2) Abuse

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Akkosaka Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja the Abusive, heard:433 “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and [162] abused and reviled him with rude, harsh words.

  When he had finished speaking, the Blessed One said to him: “What do you think, brahmin? Do your friends and colleagues, kinsmen and relatives, as well as guests come to visit you?”

  “Sometimes they come to visit, Master Gotama.”

  “Do you then offer them some food or a meal or a snack?” <348>

  “Sometimes I do, Master Gotama.”

  “But if they do not accept it from you, then to whom does the food belong?”

  “If they do not accept it from me, then the food still belongs to us.”

  “So too, brahmin, we—who do not abuse anyone, who do not scold anyone, who do not rail against anyone—refuse to accept from you the abuse and scolding and tirade you let loose at us. It still belongs to you, brahmin! It still belongs to you, brahmin!

  “Brahmin, one who abuses his own abuser, who scolds the one who scolds him, who rails against the one who rails at him—he is said to partake of the meal, to enter upon an exchange. But we do not partake of your meal; we do not enter upon an exchange. It still belongs to you, brahmin! It still belongs to you, brahmin!”

  “The king and his retinue understand the ascetic Gotama to be an arahant, yet Master Gotama still gets angry.”434

  [The Blessed One:]615 “How can anger arise in one who is angerless,

  In the tamed one of righteous living, <349>

  In one liberated by perfect knowledge,

  In the Stable One who abides in peace?435

  616 “One who repays an angry man with anger

  Thereby makes things worse for himself.

  Not repaying an angry man with anger,

  One wins a battle hard to win.

  617 “He practises for the welfare of both—

  His own and the other’s—

  When, knowing that his foe is angry,

  He mindfully maintains his peace.

  618 “When he achieves the cure of both—

  His own and the other’s—

  The people who consider him a fool

  Are unskilled in the Dhamma.”436 [163]

  When this was said, the brahmin Akkosaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!… I go for refuge to Master Gotama, and to the Dhamma, and to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha. May I receive the going forth under Master Gotama, may I receive the higher ordination?”

  Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan received the going forth under the Blessed One, he received the higher ordination. And soon, not long after his higher ordination, dwelling alone … <350> … the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  3 (3) Asurindaka

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja heard:437 “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and abused and reviled him with rude, harsh words.

  When he had finished speaking, the Blessed One remained silent. Then the brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “You’re beaten, ascetic! You’re beaten, ascetic!”

  [The Blessed One:]619 “The fool thinks victory is won

  When, by speech, he bellows harshly;

  But for one who understands,

  Patient endurance is the true victory.438

  620-22 “One who repays an angry man with anger

  … (verses = 616-18) … <351>

  Are unskilled in the Dhamma.” [164]

  When this was said, the brahmin Asurindaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  4 (4) Bilaṅgika

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. The brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja heard:439 “It is said that the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan has gone forth from the household life into homelessness under the ascetic Gotama.” Angry and displeased, he approached the Blessed One and silently stood to one side.440 <352>

  Then the Blessed One, having known with his own mind the reflection in the brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja’s mind, addressed him in verse:623 “If one wrongs an innocent man,

  A pure person without blemish,

  The evil falls back on the fool himself

  Like fine dust thrown against the wind.”

  When this was said, the brahmin Bilaṅgika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  5 (5) Ahiṃsaka

  At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja the Harmless, approached the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him.441 When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side [165] and said to the Blessed One: “I am Ahiṃsaka the Harmless, Master Gotama. I am Ahiṃsaka the Harmless, Master Gotama.”

  [The Blessed One:] <353>624 “If one were as one’s name implies

  You would be a harmless one.

  But it is one who does no harm at all

  By body, speech, or mind,

  Who really is a harmless one

  As he does not harm others.”

  When this was said, the brahmin Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Ahiṃsaka Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  6 (6) Tangle

  At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Jaṭā Bhāradvāja, Bhāradvāja of the Tangle, approached the Blessed One and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side and addressed the Blessed One in verse:625 “A tangle inside, a tangle outside,

  This generation is entangled in a tangle.

  I ask you this, O Gotama,

  Who can disentangle this tangle?” <354>

  [The Blessed One:]626 “A man established on virtue, wise,

  Developing the mind and wisdom,

  A bhikkhu ardent and discreet:

  He can disentangle this tangle.

  627 “Those for whom lust and hatred

  Along with ignorance have been expunged,

  The arahants with taints destroyed:

  For them the tangle is disentangled.

  628 “Where name-and-form ceases,

  Stops without remainder,

  And also impingement and perception of form:

  It is here this tangle is cut.”

  When this was said, the brahmin Jaṭā Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!…” And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  7 (7) Suddhika

  At Sāvatthī. Then the brahmin Suddhika Bhāradvāja approached the Blessed One <355> and exchanged greetings with him. When they had concluded their greetings and cordial talk, he sat down to one side [166] and recited this verse in the presence of the Blessed One:629 “In the world no brahmin is ever purified

  Though he be virtuous and austere in practice;

  One accomplished in knowledge and conduct is purified,

  Not the others, the common folk.”442

  [The Blessed One:]630 “Even though one mutters many chants,

  One does not become a brahmin by birth

  If one is rotten within and defiled,

  Supporting oneself by fraudulent means.

  631 “Whether khattiya, brahmin, vessa, sudda,

  Caṇḍāla or scavenger,

  If one is energetic and resolute,

&nbs
p; Always firm in exertion,

  One attains the supreme purity:

  Know, O brahmin, that this is so.” <356>

  When this was said, the brahmin Suddhika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  8 (8) Aggika

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the Squirrel Sanctuary. Now on that occasion milk-rice with ghee had been set out for the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja, who had thought: “I will offer a fire sacrifice, I will perform the fire oblation.”443

  Then, in the morning, the Blessed One dressed and, taking bowl and robe, entered Rājagaha for alms. Walking for alms on uninterrupted alms round in Rājagaha, the Blessed One approached the residence of the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja and stood to one side. The brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja saw the Blessed One standing for alms and addressed him in verse: <357>632 “One endowed with the triple knowledge,

  Of proper birth, of ample learning,

  Accomplished in knowledge and conduct,

  Might partake of this milk-rice meal.”444

  [The Blessed One:]633 “Even though one mutters many chants,

  One does not become a brahmin by birth

  If one is rotten within and defiled,

  With followers gained by fraudulent means. [167]

  634 “One who has known his past abodes,

  Who sees heaven and the plane of woe,

  Who has reached the destruction of birth,

  A sage consummate in direct knowledge:445

  635 “By means of these three kinds of knowledge

  One is a triple-knowledge brahmin.

  This one accomplished in knowledge and conduct

  Might partake of this milk-rice meal.” <358>

  [The brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja:] “Let Master Gotama eat. The worthy is a brahmin.”

  [The Blessed One:]636 “Food over which verses have been sung

  Is not fit to be eaten by me.

  This, brahmin, is not the principle

  Observed by those who see.

  The Enlightened Ones reject such food

  Over which verses have been sung.

  As such a principle exists, O brahmin,

  This is their rule of conduct.

  637 “Serve with other food and drink

  The consummate one, the great seer

  With taints destroyed and remorse stilled,

  For he is the field for one seeking merit.”446

  When this was said, the brahmin Aggika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Aggika Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants.

  9 (9) Sundarika

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling among the Kosalans on the bank of the river Sundarika. Now on that occasion <359> the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja was offering a fire sacrifice and performing the fire oblation on the bank of the river Sundarika. Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, having offered the fire sacrifice and performed the fire oblation, rose from his seat and surveyed the four quarters all around, wondering: “Who now might eat this sacrificial cake?”447

  The brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja saw the Blessed One sitting at the foot of a tree with his head covered. Having seen him, he took the sacrificial cake in his left hand and the waterpot in his right hand and approached the Blessed One. When the Blessed One heard the sound of the brahmin’s footsteps, he uncovered his head. Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, thinking, “This worthy is shaven-headed, [168] this worthy is a shaveling,” wanted to turn back; <360> but it occurred to him: “Some brahmins here are also shaven-headed. Let me approach him and inquire about his birth.”

  Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja approached the Blessed One and said to him: “What is the worthy one’s birth?”

  [The Blessed One:]638 “Ask not of birth but ask of conduct:

  Fire is indeed produced from any wood.

  A resolute sage, though from low family,

  Is a thoroughbred restrained by a sense of shame.448

  639 “The sacrificer should invoke this one:

  One tamed by truth, perfect by taming,

  Who has reached the end of knowledge,

  A fulfiller of the holy life.

  Then he makes a timely oblation

  To one worthy of offerings.”449 <361>

  [The brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja:]640 “Surely my sacrifice is well performed

  As I have seen such a knowledge-master.

  Because I had not seen those like yourself

  Other people ate the sacrificial cake.

  “Let Master Gotama eat. The worthy is a brahmin.”

  [The Blessed One:]641-42 “Food over which verses have been sung

  … (verses = 636-37) …

  For he is the field for one seeking merit.” <362>

  “Then, Master Gotama, should I give this sacrificial cake to someone else?”

  “I do not see anyone, brahmin, in this world with its devas, Māra, and Brahmā, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its devas and humans, who could eat and properly digest this sacrificial cake [169] except the Tathāgata or a disciple of the Tathāgata.450 Therefore, brahmin, throw away the sacrificial cake in a place where there is sparse vegetation or dispose of it in water where there are no living beings.”

  Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja disposed of that sacrificial cake in water where there were no living beings. When it was disposed of in the water, that sacrificial cake sizzled and hissed and gave off steam and smoke.451 Just as a ploughshare, heated all day, sizzles and hisses and gives off steam and smoke if placed in water, so too that sacrificial cake, <363> when disposed of in the water, sizzled and hissed and gave off steam and smoke.

  Then the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja, shocked and terrified, approached the Blessed One and stood to one side. The Blessed One then addressed him with verses:643 “When kindling wood, brahmin, do not imagine

  This external deed brings purity;

  For experts say no purity is gained

  By one who seeks it outwardly.

  644 “Having given up the fire made from wood,

  I kindle, O brahmin, the inner light alone.

  Always ablaze, my mind always concentrated,

  I am an arahant living the holy life.

  645 “Conceit, O brahmin, is your shoulder-load, <364>

  Anger the smoke, false speech the ashes;

  The tongue is the ladle, the heart the altar,

  A well-tamed self is the light of a man.452

  646 “The Dhamma is a lake with fords of virtue—

  Limpid, praised by the good to the good—

  Where the knowledge-masters go to bathe,

  And, dry-limbed, cross to the far shore.453

  647 “Truth, Dhamma, restraint, the holy life,

  Attainment of Brahmā based on the middle: [170]

  Pay homage, O brahmin, to the upright ones;

  I call that person one impelled by Dhamma.”454

  When this was said, the brahmin Sundarika Bhāradvāja said to the Blessed One: “Magnificent, Master Gotama!”… And the Venerable Sundarika Bhāradvāja became one of the arahants. <365>

  10 (10) Many Daughters

  On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling among the Kosalans in a certain woodland thicket. Now on that occasion fourteen oxen belonging to a certain brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan had gotten lost. Then the brahmin of the Bhāradvāja clan, while searching for those oxen, went to the woodland thicket where the Blessed One was staying. There he saw the Blessed One sitting with his legs folded crosswise, holding his body erect, having set up mindfulness in front of him. Having seen him, he approached the Blessed One and recited these verses in the presence of the Blessed One:648 “Surely this ascetic does not have

  Fourteen oxen [that have gotten lost],

  Not seen now for the past six days:

  Hence this asce
tic is happy.455

  649 “Surely this ascetic does not have

  A field of blighted sesamum plants,

  Some with one leaf, some with two:

  Hence this ascetic is happy. <366>

  650 “Surely this ascetic does not have

  Rats inside an empty barn

  Dancing around merrily:

  Hence this ascetic is happy.

  651 “Surely this ascetic does not have

  A blanket that for seven months